Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Epidermal chloroplasts are defense-related motile organelles equipped with plant immune components

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22977-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Simultaneous observation of chloroplasts and nuclei in ECR-activated epidermis. The surface of Cfio -inoculated cotyledons of Col-0 was examined at 3 dpi. The chloroplasts and nuclei were visualized by chlorophyll autofluorescence and DAPI staining, respectively. DW was used as a control. The arrows indicate nuclei. b Simultaneous observation of chloroplasts and ER around nuclei in ECR-activated cells. The surface of Cfio -inoculated cotyledons of the transgenic plant line ER-ck expressing ER-CFP was observed at 3 dpi. The arrows indicate perinuclear ER. c Simultaneous observation of chloroplasts and nuclei in ECR-defective plants at 3 dpi. Cfio -inoculated cotyledons of CHUP1 ox plants were investigated. DW was spotted onto chup1 mutant as a control. The arrows indicate nuclei. d The ratio of epidermal cells with surface nuclei was investigated at 3 dpi. A total of 100 cells in contact with the melanized appressorium were observed. Scale bar, 10 µm. The means and SE were calculated from three independent plants. Means not sharing the same letter are significantly different ( P < 0.05, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test).

Article Snippet: To stain callose deposition, each sample was visualized using 0.01% aniline blue fluorochrome solution (100-1, Biosupplies, Australia) with 0.07 M K 2 HPO 4 after incubation for 2 h. For nuclear staining, each sample was soaked in 100 μg/mL DAPI solution (340-07971, Dojindo Laboratories, Japan) for 2 h. After incubation, the stainined samples were washed three times with DW.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Transgenic Assay, Expressing, Mutagenesis